Chinese surname · rank 294
井
井 is read as jīng.
jīng
Simplified and traditional 井
well, mine shaft, pit; 22nd lunar mansion, determinative star μ Geminorum (Tejat); hexagram ䷯
Earth
Time: Shang oracle-bone Jing fang-state layer, Western Zhou Xing/Jing state layer, Spring-and-Autumn Yu-state Jingbo fief tradition, Eastern Han Fufeng record, Southern Song Huaining/Huaiyang record, Ming Xingtai record, Qing Wenan record, and Song Baijiaxing rank 217 layer; Shang oracle-bone layer, c. 13th-11th century BCE
Place: Possible Shang Jing locations south of Qishan in Shaanxi, Hejin in Shanxi, or Xingtai in Hebei; Xing/Jing state and Xingtai; Yu state around Pinglu in Shanxi; Jingxing Pass; Fufeng Mei/Meixian in Shaanxi; Huaining/Wanqiu/Huaiyang in Henan; Wenan in Hebei; Liaoning, Shaanxi, Heilongjiang, Shandong, and Hebei distribution contexts
Origin note
Jing is read jing as a surname. The sources support several layers. One very old layer is the Shang Jing fang-state seen in oracle-bone materials; its exact location is debated, with proposals including south of Qishan in Shaanxi, Hejin in Shanxi, and Xingtai in Hebei. A related state-name layer appears in materials on Xing, where inscriptions record Xing as Jing or related written forms, tying the name to the Xingtai area and to later Zhou enfeoffment traditions. Another surname-origin tradition comes from a Yu-state official known as Jingbo, said to have held a fief at Jing; descendants used the fief or ancestor title as a surname. 23mofang also notes possible place-name origins from Jingxing Pass and a possible star-name layer from the Jing lunar mansion, plus minority or changed-surname branches. The entry keeps these as parallel traditions because the evidence does not prove a single origin for all Jing families.
Historical figures
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